Maintenance & Cleaning                                          

How to Plan Airflow for a Dual-Radiator PC Build

For most dual-radiator gaming PCs, I start with one front or side radiator as intake, one top radiator as exhaust, and a separate filtered intake feeding the GPU. That layout usually provides the best compromise between coolant temperature, GPU temperature, motherboard cooling, dust control, and noise.

If both radiators compete for the same cool air, or the first radiator preheats the second, adding more fans can produce a louder machine without solving the thermal bottleneck that matters under an actual gaming, rendering, or AI workload. What good are two large radiators if the graphics card is breathing their exhaust?

Start With the Heat Load, Not the Fan Count

A dual-radiator PC airflow plan begins with watts.

NVIDIA specifies the GeForce RTX 5090 at 

, while Intel lists the Core Ultra 9 285K at 

. Put those parts together and the headline CPU-plus-GPU load reaches 825 W before motherboard losses, memory, pumps, SSDs, and lighting enter the calculation.

When an 825 W-class system is placed behind tempered glass, two restrictive radiators, dense filters, and decorative intake slots, the case must transport that heat rather than merely contain enough fan mounts to look convincing in a product render. Where, exactly, will that energy leave?

The distinction between dual AIO and custom water-cooling airflow matters. Two AIOs have separate coolant loops, so one radiator cannot help the other component. A custom loop shares total radiator capacity, although radiator order usually matters far less than total flow, radiator area, and the temperature of the air reaching each heat exchanger.

For GPU-heavy builds, I would also use the chassis guidance in this 

PC case selection guide based on GPU power draw

. A case appropriate for a 200 W card may become a noisy glass oven around a 450 W or 575 W GPU.

The Four Dual-Radiator Airflow Layouts That Actually Matter

The best airflow for a dual-radiator PC depends on which component receives fresh air first and whether the graphics card has an independent intake path.

Radiator layoutCPU or coolant resultGPU and motherboard resultPressure tendencyMy verdictFront intake + top exhaustStrong; front radiator receives cool room airUsually balanced, though the GPU receives some warmed airNeutral to slightly positive with adequate intakeBest starting point for conventional towersSide intake + top exhaustStrong when the side panel is well ventilatedExcellent if bottom intake feeds the GPU separatelyEasy to tune slightly positiveMy preferred dual-chamber layoutBoth radiators as intakeLowest coolant temperature in some systemsHigher internal air, VRM, RAM, SSD, and GPU temperaturesStrongly positive unless exhaust is powerfulUseful for CPU/GPU compute only after testingBoth radiators as exhaustRadiators operate on warmer case airGood removal of system heat if intake is unrestrictedOften negativeViable in mesh cases with strong bottom or front intake

Front Intake and Top Exhaust: The Defensible Default

This configuration places the front radiator on intake and the roof radiator on exhaust. Add a rear exhaust only when it helps rather than stealing air from the top radiator, and preserve a lower front or bottom intake path for the graphics card.

There is real data behind this recommendation. In its dual-radiator Fractal Define XL R2 testing, Puget Systems found that changing from both radiators as intake to 

 raised CPU temperature from 66°C to 69°C but lowered GPU temperature from 85°C to 78°C.

That 7°C GPU reduction is the trade I would take.

Why? A three-degree CPU increase usually changes little when the processor remains below its control limits, while a seven-degree reduction can lower GPU fan speed, hotspot temperature, and boost-clock pressure. The industry’s obsession with reporting the lowest CPU number often hides the damage done elsewhere.

If you are considering this layout, read how a 

 before assuming the front radiator is thermally free.

Side Intake and Top Exhaust: Better for Dual-Chamber Cases

A side intake radiator can work beautifully in a panoramic or dual-chamber case when bottom fans provide direct cool air to the GPU. The top radiator then exhausts heat, while the rear opening provides another exit or remains passive.

But side intake is not automatically good. A radiator trapped behind glass and narrow slots will demand higher fan speed, and its heated output may cross the GPU intake zone.

Before committing, inspect the practical 

advantages and drawbacks of side-mounting an AIO radiator

. I reject side intake when the GPU has no separate bottom or front air supply.

Both Radiators as Intake: Great Coolant Numbers, Bad Context

Both-intake configurations feed every radiator cool room air. That can produce excellent CPU and GPU coolant temperatures, particularly with two independent AIOs.

The rear and top openings must evacuate the combined radiator output without letting hot air recirculate into either intake. VRM heatsinks, DDR5 modules, M.2 SSDs, power-delivery components, and an open-air GPU cooler all live in that warmed chamber.

This is where a single dashboard number lies. CPU package temperature may look wonderful while GPU memory, motherboard VRM, or SSD controller temperatures quietly climb.

Both Radiators as Exhaust: Cleaner Heat Removal, Higher Coolant Temperature

Using both radiators as exhaust can keep radiator-warmed air out of the case, but only if unrestricted front, side, or bottom fans supply enough fresh air. Otherwise, the radiator fans pull through every unfiltered seam and create a dusty negative-pressure system.

Although builders often chase a fixed intake-to-exhaust fan ratio, filters, radiator fins, fan curves, panel resistance, and 120 mm versus 140 mm fan behavior make nominal fan counts a poor substitute for measuring the path that air actually follows. So why pretend three intake fans always overpower three exhaust fans?

Plan the Physical Build Before Ordering Parts

A good airflow drawing can still fail when the hardware arrives. Dual radiators consume space quickly, especially when a case specification confirms radiator length but ignores the complete stack.

A 27 mm radiator with a 25 mm fan already creates a 52 mm assembly. A 30 mm radiator and 25 mm fan require 55 mm before accounting for screw heads, vibration pads, fittings, EPS cable bends, or service clearance.

 is worth using with your exact motherboard and memory dimensions. And if either radiator is thicker than a standard AIO unit, calculate the consequences with this 

radiator thickness and compatibility guide

“Supports two 360 mm radiators” is not a complete compatibility statement. I have seen too many plans fail because one radiator occupied the GPU clearance while the other blocked the EPS cable or tall DDR5 modules.

A radiator fan must maintain airflow through fins, filters, and panel restriction. Open-air CFM alone does not tell us whether it can do that.

Noctua’s fan-curve comparison shows why the highest free-air CFM or maximum static-pressure number does not automatically win: 

performance at the application’s impedance point

For a practical buying framework, use this guide to distinguish 

Treat PC Case Fan Orientation as a System

The open blade side of a conventional axial fan is normally the intake side; the side with the support struts and motor label is usually the exhaust side. Reverse-blade fans can break that visual rule, so check the molded frame arrows or manufacturer documentation.

And keep radiator exhaust away from nearby intake openings. Warm air leaving the roof can be pulled back through a rear intake or a side radiator if the vents sit close together.

A correct-looking airflow diagram is only a hypothesis.

GamersNexus tested the Cooler Master H500P with the CPU and GPU under 100% load. Its 

top-radiator exhaust and front-intake configuration

 produced a balanced 51.8°C CPU delta over ambient and 50.5°C GPU delta. A front push-pull radiator lowered the CPU delta to 45.8°C, but GPU delta climbed to 57°C because radiator heat was dumped toward the graphics card.

That is the problem in one data set: the “best” CPU result was not the best system result.

A newer November 2025 GamersNexus investigation reached the same broader conclusion. In its 

, pure top exhaust produced a 39°C GPU delta over ambient, while a mixed intake-exhaust arrangement reached 42°C. Three degrees came from direction, not another radiator or a more expensive GPU cooler.

Results will vary by case geometry and hardware. The method should not.

Testing an open case may reveal intake restriction, but it does not represent normal operation, dust-filter resistance, panel recirculation, or the acoustic behavior the owner will experience during a four-hour render or gaming session. Why optimize a configuration you will never use?

I do not call a 2°C reduction a win if it adds 6 dBA or forces every fan to run at 1,900 RPM. The best airflow setup is the one that controls the hottest relevant sensor at an acceptable noise level, with the filters installed and the room temperature documented.

For pressure, use evidence rather than fan count. Check dust patterns after several weeks, observe whether tissue is pulled toward or pushed away from unfiltered gaps, and compare fan RPM under load. Slight positive pressure is generally useful only when the excess intake passes through filters.

What is the best airflow for a dual-radiator PC?

The best airflow for a dual-radiator PC is a controlled path that feeds at least one radiator with cool outside air, exhausts radiator heat without recirculation, preserves a separate fresh-air supply for the GPU and motherboard, and maintains slight positive pressure after filters and radiator resistance are considered.

For a conventional tower, begin with a front radiator as intake and a top radiator as exhaust. In a dual-chamber case, side radiator intake, top radiator exhaust, and bottom GPU intake often form the cleaner route. Test the final choice under simultaneous CPU and GPU load.

Should PC radiators be intake or exhaust?

A radiator intake uses cooler room air to lower coolant and component temperatures but releases warmed air into the case, while a radiator exhaust uses warmer internal air and usually raises coolant temperature slightly, yet removes heat directly from the chassis and often protects GPU, VRM, memory, and SSD temperatures.

In a dual-radiator system, mixing one intake radiator with one exhaust radiator is usually the safest baseline. CPU-first compute systems may favor more radiator intake, while gaming systems often benefit from protecting the graphics card’s fresh-air supply.

Is positive or negative pressure better for a dual-radiator PC?

Slight positive pressure means the filtered intake airflow that actually enters the case exceeds the exhaust airflow after restriction, helping control dust while still moving heat out; negative pressure means exhaust dominates, which can improve evacuation in some layouts but pulls unfiltered air through panel gaps and unused mounts.

Do not calculate pressure from fan count alone. A filtered 360 mm intake radiator can move less real air than two unrestricted exhaust fans, even when the product labels suggest otherwise. Adjust PWM curves and inspect actual gap airflow.

How many fans does a dual-radiator PC need?

A dual-radiator PC needs enough fans to cover both radiator faces plus at least one clear intake or exhaust path, which commonly means six radiator fans for two 360 mm units and one rear fan, although a side or bottom intake may be needed when both radiators exhaust.

More fans are not automatically better. Begin with one fan per radiator position, add a dedicated GPU intake if needed, and reserve push-pull configurations for thick or highly restrictive radiators where testing proves the additional pressure offsets the extra cost and noise.

Draw the case from the side. Mark both radiators, every fan direction, the GPU intake, all filters, and each exhaust route. Then write the CPU and GPU power beside the diagram and calculate the complete radiator-plus-fan dimensions.

After assembly, run one controlled baseline test. Flip only one radiator direction, repeat the workload, and compare CPU, GPU hotspot, coolant, VRM, SSD, RPM, and noise data.

Do that before buying more fans. Your next move is simple: build the airflow map, verify the clearances, and make the temperatures—not the marketing image—approve the final dual-radiator layout.

How to Plan Airflow for a Dual-Radiator PC Build

For most dual-radiator gaming PCs, I start with one front or side radiator as intake, one top radiator as exhaust, and a separate filtered intake feeding the GPU. That layout usually provides the best compromise between coolant temperature, GPU temperature, motherboard cooling, dust control, and noise.

But it is not a universal prescription.

Airflow is routing.

If both radiators compete for the same cool air, or the first radiator preheats the second, adding more fans can produce a louder machine without solving the thermal bottleneck that matters under an actual gaming, rendering, or AI workload. What good are two large radiators if the graphics card is breathing their exhaust?

Start With the Heat Load, Not the Fan Count

A dual-radiator PC airflow plan begins with watts.

NVIDIA specifies the GeForce RTX 5090 at 575 W Total Graphics Power, while Intel lists the Core Ultra 9 285K at 250 W Maximum Turbo Power. Put those parts together and the headline CPU-plus-GPU load reaches 825 W before motherboard losses, memory, pumps, SSDs, and lighting enter the calculation.

Heat becomes airflow.

When an 825 W-class system is placed behind tempered glass, two restrictive radiators, dense filters, and decorative intake slots, the case must transport that heat rather than merely contain enough fan mounts to look convincing in a product render. Where, exactly, will that energy leave?

Before choosing a case, record:





CPU sustained package power, not only the advertised TDP



GPU board power and cooler design



Radiator sizes, thicknesses, and fin density



Fan thickness, RPM range, CFM, and static pressure in mmH₂O



Front, side, bottom, rear, and top ventilation



Whether the system uses two independent AIOs or one custom loop



The workload split: gaming, CPU rendering, GPU rendering, or mixed load

The distinction between dual AIO and custom water-cooling airflow matters. Two AIOs have separate coolant loops, so one radiator cannot help the other component. A custom loop shares total radiator capacity, although radiator order usually matters far less than total flow, radiator area, and the temperature of the air reaching each heat exchanger.

For GPU-heavy builds, I would also use the chassis guidance in this PC case selection guide based on GPU power draw. A case appropriate for a 200 W card may become a noisy glass oven around a 450 W or 575 W GPU.

The Four Dual-Radiator Airflow Layouts That Actually Matter

The best airflow for a dual-radiator PC depends on which component receives fresh air first and whether the graphics card has an independent intake path.

Radiator layoutCPU or coolant resultGPU and motherboard resultPressure tendencyMy verdictFront intake + top exhaustStrong; front radiator receives cool room airUsually balanced, though the GPU receives some warmed airNeutral to slightly positive with adequate intakeBest starting point for conventional towersSide intake + top exhaustStrong when the side panel is well ventilatedExcellent if bottom intake feeds the GPU separatelyEasy to tune slightly positiveMy preferred dual-chamber layoutBoth radiators as intakeLowest coolant temperature in some systemsHigher internal air, VRM, RAM, SSD, and GPU temperaturesStrongly positive unless exhaust is powerfulUseful for CPU/GPU compute only after testingBoth radiators as exhaustRadiators operate on warmer case airGood removal of system heat if intake is unrestrictedOften negativeViable in mesh cases with strong bottom or front intake

Front Intake and Top Exhaust: The Defensible Default

This configuration places the front radiator on intake and the roof radiator on exhaust. Add a rear exhaust only when it helps rather than stealing air from the top radiator, and preserve a lower front or bottom intake path for the graphics card.

There is real data behind this recommendation. In its dual-radiator Fractal Define XL R2 testing, Puget Systems found that changing from both radiators as intake to front intake and top exhaust raised CPU temperature from 66°C to 69°C but lowered GPU temperature from 85°C to 78°C.

That 7°C GPU reduction is the trade I would take.

Why? A three-degree CPU increase usually changes little when the processor remains below its control limits, while a seven-degree reduction can lower GPU fan speed, hotspot temperature, and boost-clock pressure. The industry’s obsession with reporting the lowest CPU number often hides the damage done elsewhere.

If you are considering this layout, read how a front-mounted AIO affects GPU thermals before assuming the front radiator is thermally free.

Side Intake and Top Exhaust: Better for Dual-Chamber Cases

A side intake radiator can work beautifully in a panoramic or dual-chamber case when bottom fans provide direct cool air to the GPU. The top radiator then exhausts heat, while the rear opening provides another exit or remains passive.

But side intake is not automatically good. A radiator trapped behind glass and narrow slots will demand higher fan speed, and its heated output may cross the GPU intake zone.

Before committing, inspect the practical advantages and drawbacks of side-mounting an AIO radiator. I reject side intake when the GPU has no separate bottom or front air supply.

Both Radiators as Intake: Great Coolant Numbers, Bad Context

Both-intake configurations feed every radiator cool room air. That can produce excellent CPU and GPU coolant temperatures, particularly with two independent AIOs.

Then the heat enters the case.

The rear and top openings must evacuate the combined radiator output without letting hot air recirculate into either intake. VRM heatsinks, DDR5 modules, M.2 SSDs, power-delivery components, and an open-air GPU cooler all live in that warmed chamber.

This is where a single dashboard number lies. CPU package temperature may look wonderful while GPU memory, motherboard VRM, or SSD controller temperatures quietly climb.

Both Radiators as Exhaust: Cleaner Heat Removal, Higher Coolant Temperature

Using both radiators as exhaust can keep radiator-warmed air out of the case, but only if unrestricted front, side, or bottom fans supply enough fresh air. Otherwise, the radiator fans pull through every unfiltered seam and create a dusty negative-pressure system.

Routes beat ratios.

Although builders often chase a fixed intake-to-exhaust fan ratio, filters, radiator fins, fan curves, panel resistance, and 120 mm versus 140 mm fan behavior make nominal fan counts a poor substitute for measuring the path that air actually follows. So why pretend three intake fans always overpower three exhaust fans?



Plan the Physical Build Before Ordering Parts

A good airflow drawing can still fail when the hardware arrives. Dual radiators consume space quickly, especially when a case specification confirms radiator length but ignores the complete stack.

Add the Full Radiator Stack

A 27 mm radiator with a 25 mm fan already creates a 52 mm assembly. A 30 mm radiator and 25 mm fan require 55 mm before accounting for screw heads, vibration pads, fittings, EPS cable bends, or service clearance.

For a top mount, check:





RAM and memory-latch clearance



VRM and rear-I/O heatsink height



EPS 8-pin cable access



Radiator tank and tube-exit position



Lateral offset from the motherboard



At least 5–10 mm of workable service space

The detailed top-radiator clearance checklist is worth using with your exact motherboard and memory dimensions. And if either radiator is thicker than a standard AIO unit, calculate the consequences with this radiator thickness and compatibility guide.

“Supports two 360 mm radiators” is not a complete compatibility statement. I have seen too many plans fail because one radiator occupied the GPU clearance while the other blocked the EPS cable or tall DDR5 modules.

Choose Fans for Resistance

A radiator fan must maintain airflow through fins, filters, and panel restriction. Open-air CFM alone does not tell us whether it can do that.

Look for:





Useful static pressure at the RPM you will actually run



A sealed frame against the radiator



4-pin PWM control



Stable operation when mounted horizontally



Acceptable sound character between roughly 800 and 1,600 RPM



Enough pressure for the combined radiator, filter, and panel restriction

Noctua’s fan-curve comparison shows why the highest free-air CFM or maximum static-pressure number does not automatically win: performance at the application’s impedance point determines useful airflow.

For a practical buying framework, use this guide to distinguish radiator fans from case-airflow fans.

Treat PC Case Fan Orientation as a System

The open blade side of a conventional axial fan is normally the intake side; the side with the support struts and motor label is usually the exhaust side. Reverse-blade fans can break that visual rule, so check the molded frame arrows or manufacturer documentation.

Then map every fan:





Front, side, and bottom usually supply intake



Top and rear usually provide exhaust



Radiator direction must be marked separately



The GPU needs a direct fresh-air lane



Top-front exhaust should not remove cool intake before it reaches a component



Two adjacent fan banks should not push against one another

And keep radiator exhaust away from nearby intake openings. Warm air leaving the roof can be pulled back through a rear intake or a side radiator if the vents sit close together.

Use Test Data, Not Airflow Folklore

A correct-looking airflow diagram is only a hypothesis.

GamersNexus tested the Cooler Master H500P with the CPU and GPU under 100% load. Its top-radiator exhaust and front-intake configuration produced a balanced 51.8°C CPU delta over ambient and 50.5°C GPU delta. A front push-pull radiator lowered the CPU delta to 45.8°C, but GPU delta climbed to 57°C because radiator heat was dumped toward the graphics card.

That is the problem in one data set: the “best” CPU result was not the best system result.

A newer November 2025 GamersNexus investigation reached the same broader conclusion. In its HAVN BF 360 Flow configuration testing, pure top exhaust produced a 39°C GPU delta over ambient, while a mixed intake-exhaust arrangement reached 42°C. Three degrees came from direction, not another radiator or a more expensive GPU cooler.

Results will vary by case geometry and hardware. The method should not.

Run a Repeatable Thermal Test

Panels stay installed.

Testing an open case may reveal intake restriction, but it does not represent normal operation, dust-filter resistance, panel recirculation, or the acoustic behavior the owner will experience during a four-hour render or gaming session. Why optimize a configuration you will never use?

Use this procedure:





Record room temperature near the case intake.



Install every normal panel and dust filter.



Fix radiator and case-fan speeds for the first comparison.



Warm the system for at least 15 minutes.



Run a repeatable mixed CPU-and-GPU load for 30 minutes.



Log CPU package, GPU core, GPU hotspot, coolant, VRM, SSD, fan RPM, and pump RPM.



Calculate delta over ambient rather than comparing raw temperatures from different days.



Change one variable—such as the top radiator direction—and repeat.



Repeat the winning test to check run-to-run variation.



Tune PWM curves only after selecting the layout.

I do not call a 2°C reduction a win if it adds 6 dBA or forces every fan to run at 1,900 RPM. The best airflow setup is the one that controls the hottest relevant sensor at an acceptable noise level, with the filters installed and the room temperature documented.

For pressure, use evidence rather than fan count. Check dust patterns after several weeks, observe whether tissue is pulled toward or pushed away from unfiltered gaps, and compare fan RPM under load. Slight positive pressure is generally useful only when the excess intake passes through filters.

FAQs

What is the best airflow for a dual-radiator PC?

The best airflow for a dual-radiator PC is a controlled path that feeds at least one radiator with cool outside air, exhausts radiator heat without recirculation, preserves a separate fresh-air supply for the GPU and motherboard, and maintains slight positive pressure after filters and radiator resistance are considered.

For a conventional tower, begin with a front radiator as intake and a top radiator as exhaust. In a dual-chamber case, side radiator intake, top radiator exhaust, and bottom GPU intake often form the cleaner route. Test the final choice under simultaneous CPU and GPU load.

Should PC radiators be intake or exhaust?

A radiator intake uses cooler room air to lower coolant and component temperatures but releases warmed air into the case, while a radiator exhaust uses warmer internal air and usually raises coolant temperature slightly, yet removes heat directly from the chassis and often protects GPU, VRM, memory, and SSD temperatures.

In a dual-radiator system, mixing one intake radiator with one exhaust radiator is usually the safest baseline. CPU-first compute systems may favor more radiator intake, while gaming systems often benefit from protecting the graphics card’s fresh-air supply.

Is positive or negative pressure better for a dual-radiator PC?

Slight positive pressure means the filtered intake airflow that actually enters the case exceeds the exhaust airflow after restriction, helping control dust while still moving heat out; negative pressure means exhaust dominates, which can improve evacuation in some layouts but pulls unfiltered air through panel gaps and unused mounts.

Do not calculate pressure from fan count alone. A filtered 360 mm intake radiator can move less real air than two unrestricted exhaust fans, even when the product labels suggest otherwise. Adjust PWM curves and inspect actual gap airflow.

How many fans does a dual-radiator PC need?

A dual-radiator PC needs enough fans to cover both radiator faces plus at least one clear intake or exhaust path, which commonly means six radiator fans for two 360 mm units and one rear fan, although a side or bottom intake may be needed when both radiators exhaust.

More fans are not automatically better. Begin with one fan per radiator position, add a dedicated GPU intake if needed, and reserve push-pull configurations for thick or highly restrictive radiators where testing proves the additional pressure offsets the extra cost and noise.

Map Your Airflow Before You Buy

Draw the case from the side. Mark both radiators, every fan direction, the GPU intake, all filters, and each exhaust route. Then write the CPU and GPU power beside the diagram and calculate the complete radiator-plus-fan dimensions.

After assembly, run one controlled baseline test. Flip only one radiator direction, repeat the workload, and compare CPU, GPU hotspot, coolant, VRM, SSD, RPM, and noise data.

Do that before buying more fans. Your next move is simple: build the airflow map, verify the clearances, and make the temperatures—not the marketing image—approve the final dual-radiator layout.

Plan PC airflow for a dual-radiator build using tested intake, exhaust, pressure, fan-orientation, clearance, and thermal-validation strategies.

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